Quinine Collection

Seedlings of Cinchona succirubra, India, 1861
Seedlings of Cinchona succirubra, photographed on arrival in Ootacamund, southern India, 9 April 1861. Collected by Richard Spruce in Ecuador, the plants were received by WIlliam McIvor

Cinchona bark specimens from the Economic Botany Collection, RBG Kew. Cinchona bark and its derived quinine alkaloids were the most effective treatment for malaria from the 17th century to the 1940s

Microscopical observations of cinchona bark and seedlings, 1862
Microscopical observations of cinchona bark and seedlings by Walter Hood Fitch, from J. E. Howard, Illustrations of the Nueva Quinologia of Pavon, 1862

Harvesting and processing cinchona bark on a Java plantation

Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana, 1869
Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana, from The Quinology of the East Indian Plantations by John Eliot Howard, illustrated by William Fitch, 1869

Cinchona anglica, 1869
Cinchona anglica, a hybrid form that evolved in the Indian plantations. From The Quinology of the East Plantations by John Eliot Howard, illustrated by William Fitch, 1869

The Cinchona Region of South America, 1862
The shaded area indicates the native distribution of cinchona trees in the Andes. From Peruvian Bark: A Popular Account of the Introduction of Chinchona Cultivation into British India, 1860-1880

Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana, 1862
Illustration from Nueva Quinologia of Pavon by John Eliot Howard, 1862

A cinchona forest in Latin America, 1880
A cinchona forest in Latin America, from Illustrated Travels: A Record of Discovery, Geography, and Adventure, edited by H.W. Bates, 1880

Cinchona officinalis, 1869
Cinchona officinalis, from The Quinology of the East Indian Plantations by John Eliot Howard, illustrated by William Fitch, 1869

Cinchona calisaya, 1862
Cinchona calisaya (formerly C. peruviana), from Illustrations of the Nueva Quinologia of Pavon by John Eliot Howard, illustrated by William Fitch, 1862

Cultivation of Cinchona succirubra trees on the Madulsima Cinchona Cos estate, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1882. The plants pictured are 8 -10 years old

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